You need to research how the following sound elements are produced.
a) Sound effects: A sound effect is any sound that isn't music or speech. It is artificially reproduced sounds that are made to create an effect. For example in the film 'Into The Woods' there is a scene when the witch creates a fog like spiral when she disappears into thin air. The sound effect starts at 0:48 on the video below.
Below is a video explaining what a sound effect is and how they are made for different movies. Foley artists reproduce everyday sounds that are added into films in the editing process. They do this to enhance the audio for certain sounds or actions. For example when there is a fight scene they reproduce the sound of skin smacking skin or a head being banged into a wall by hitting duct tape against a hard surface. The sound technician will be behind a screen recording what the foley artist's are doing. They recreate the sounds in a recording studio for different scenes. The different sounds are put on their own tracks so it's easier for the sound mixer to set the EQ at a consistent level. They use microphones that are set 3 feet away from their faces as the microphone is too sensitive that it could pick their breathing up which could ruin the audio.
b) Atmospheric sound: This sound is better known as Ambient sound. It is the background sounds which are present in scenes/locations. The sound is mainly made up from a range of sounds like water, wind, chatter, and traffic, etc.
Below is a clip from 'World War Z'. You can hear throughout the sound of background chatter/shouting, and cars honking/traffic.
It is made by the sound designer going out into natural atmospheres and recording what the sound is that is there. For example if they need traffic sounds then the sound designer will go out into a packed area where there is lots of cars and record the honking, and the movement of cars. they will then go back and clean the sound up and add it into the editing process which then will get layered onto the actual footage so it sounds like it's actually there.
c) Music: Is normally original music which is written specifically for that film or well known music which is added into the background noise for certain scenes to help build the mood. Music can also consist of different kinds, like score, soundtrack, incidental.
Below is a clip from the Marvel movie, Guardians Of The Galaxy. You can hear a popular old song in the background of the main character singing which helps him with his mission to distract the villain.
The music is normally added after or during the editing process. It isn't recorded on the day of the filming but afterwards so they know which music to add to help create which ever mood they need for that scene.
d) Dialogue: A conversation which is being taken between two or more people in a movie/book. Dialogue has different kinds of techniques to it, for example there is dubbing a rerecording, voice over/narration, interviews, and tape sync, etc.
The clip below shows two characters conversing with one another.
Behind the camera there will be a boom mic which will catch all the dialogue from that scene. There are other ways of recording dialogue, an example of this is for animation movies. Below is a clip from The Lego recording showing you how they get their dialogue for the movie.
For P2 each of the sounds needs a bit more explanation about how the sound is recorded - who records it? What technology do they use? Atmospheric sound is usually made up from a range of sounds. You should explore the different kinds of music (score, soundtrack, incidental . . ). Dialogue also has a number of different techniques including dubbing a rerecording, voice over or narration, interviews, tape sync . . .
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